Customer Relationship Marketing Essay

To understand CRM (Customer Relationship Marketing) in hotel industry (Millennium Seoul Hilton), and focus on the importance of loyalty guests who bring on most of organization profit by developing of guest recognition and rewards program. Introduction Background The growing realization that keeping the customers you have is as important as customer acquisition, has come about because of the cost involved in attracting new customers. This realization has evolved into understanding a customers lifetime values (F Buttle, 1996).   By doing this, you can be selective about who you try to keep as well as who you want to attract. Some scholars maintain that customer retention affects the bottom line. They further suggest that a 5% increase in customer retention would create a 125% increase in profit (F Buttle, 1996). Customer relationship management can be regarded as the art of employing rhetorical, experimental and personal information in order to personalize customers’ stay while creating incremental revenue opportunities (F Buttle, 1996). So for example, knowing that a customer had a less than memorable experience in the hotel provides the hotel manager with a chance to win them back the next time they are in town. Objectives By use of customer relationship management, the hotel can develop a comprehensive guest profiles for reservation information. This demonstrates to guests that the hotel is in touch with their needs.   It can also drive customer-centric data down to the transaction level, thereby allowing the workers and the guest-facing technology to deliver greater value to the customers (F Buttle, 1996).   Further, customer relationship management can create a realistic profile on the spending and stay patterns of the guests, thereby allowing the hotel to formulate guest-centric marketing for increased loyalty and spending (F Buttle, 1996). The idea of ‘cherry picking’ valuable clients and directing more resources to these clients has gained tremendous significance in the hotel industry.   Clients communication are such that account managers regularly network on the clients to ensure that they are happy in the way contracts are proceeding, and close relationship are build up. Therefore, my research objective is â€Å"to understand the significance of customer relationship marketing† in hotel industry, with criteria as follows: †¢ To examine customer relationship marketing. †¢ To evaluate the importance of loyalty guests who brings on most of organization profits. †¢ To illustrate the importance of developing of a guest recognition and reward programs in hotel industry. Aims This research paper will aim to identify and critically review the theories of customer relationship marketing in a hotel industry.   It will also aim to critically evaluate procedures of customer communication instruments used in the Millennium Seoul Hilton.   The paper will further examine the limitation of communication of customers’ relation tools used as well as providing the recommendation and acknowledging the advantages of employing these customer relationship marketing tools. Literature Review The main idea behind relationship marketing is to build a strong relationship with customers in order to retain them instead of concentrating efforts on recruiting new one.   There are various factors which influence customer retention.   They include high quality products in order to encourage repeat purchase and valuing customer’s needs with loyalty, which can be generated by excellent customer service (F Buttle, 1996).   Moreover, taking long-term marketing decisions for instance, continuous improvement or innovation to keep ahead of customer’s needs is important in retaining customers.   Further, frequent customers contact to establish their profiles in order to ensure accurate customer targeting of goods, services and information, can be of a great help in creating customer loyalty (F Buttle, 1996). For this dissertation, the main areas which need to be focused on are marketing process, situation analysis, marketing strategy, marketing mix decision, and implementation and control, whereby the works of many authors in these fields will be explored. Studies and researches which has been done by these authors brings great literature resources to the   importance of relationship marketing focus on customer, which constitutes customer relationship marketing, customer trust and commitment, customer loyalty as well as guest loyalty program approaches and general frame work for developing and managing a good customer base.   For example, there are literature studies and/or research made on hotels Intercontinental, Meritus Mandarin, Holiday Inn, and Norfolk hotel among others which allows this dissertation to represent the model group. This dissertation will be explored on the themes of the importance of customer relationship management as it affects customer loyalty by developing of guest recognition and rewards program.   Another important theme which will be investigated in the dissertation is how a hotel can utilize relationship marketing to retain its customers.   These main themes will be explored by use of works written by scholars and all that in the field of customer service and customer care. Methodology My dissertation will apply both qualitative and quantitative research methods.   A comprehensive literature review and depth interviews will be carried out as part of my quantitative research. For primary research, depth interview is selected for my study, as it focuses on hotel industry where emphasize should be placed on people’s values and attitudes.   Therefore, it is a good way to explore the importance of customer relationship management, and understanding the process of implementing strategies to build a strong customer base in a hotel industry. This would also bring more intensive understanding to my research, and the required respondent(s) should be specialists in customer relationship marketing in hotel industries.     Moreover, surveys/questionnaires will also be carried out to understand the significance of customer relationship marketing in creating a strong customer base, according to different people from different background in today’s world. A case study of Millennium Seoul Hilton will be researched. This is because it is a well known hotel by many travelers, and therefore will provide travelers and business customers for me to obtain different perception according to different backgrounds, age and gender. Moreover, the staff of the Millennium Seoul Hilton will also be part of sample population   There will be four age groups that is 17–26, 27– 6, 39-46, and 47-56 with a total of 200 respondents. Secondary research data will be collected through different established resources, such as textbooks, journals, articles and internet in the way of literature review. This is because secondary research will validate my dissertation and support to justify my reasons and findings. Secondary data will be used first to conduct the research, before conducting primary research. This will be done because secondary data may contain information that is essential for conducting this research. Secondary research can allow collection of general information such as overview of Renaissance Seoul hotel, service to guests, guest room department, GRO for receiving VIPs, Marriot Rewards, Westin Chosun Hotel, and outlook of Intercontinental Hotel among others, which can be difficult and expensive to gather via primary research. Limitations The main practical difficult in this research will be the challenge to find the right person for depth interview.   In order to fulfill research objectives, the responder must be an individual who is a specialist in customer relationship marketing, specifically in the hospitality industry. This is because such individuals are familiar with the strategies, challenges and solutions which can help me go through my dissertation. However, such individuals have a higher reputation and usually have tight schedule and would be also be hard to each. Further, I am not familiar with specialists who are in the field of customer relationship management.   Another challenge is choosing Millennium Seoul Hilton as a place to conduct surveying and questionnaires.   This is because 200 sample is required to validate my research, and would be a great challenge to accomplish this myself due to concern of time, organizing and conducting this survey.   Moreover, it is also difficult to ask for help in conducting this research because the possibility in which I am able to hire few people to assist me will be costly. Additionally, individual who are asked may not be willing to respond according to the question asked, cooperates and/or even participate in this study.   Confidentiality issues for the respondents participating in the survey/questionnaire would be kept as anonymous due to Data Protection Act.   This is not required in this study. There are no specific ethical issues which need to be considered.   This is due to the fact that the survey/questionnaire is not targeting any groups and/or specific persons. Finding and Analysis The data which should be collected through survey/questionnaire for this research will be analysed and coded in SPSS system.   This is comprehensive statistical software that includes capabilities for data analysis, data management and programming (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005).   Additionally, it enables analysists and researchers to uncover key facts, patterns and trends.   The interview would be assessed using analysis of verbal data, dividing the whole interview into section of main focused area along the answer from the respondents. The information collected through surveys/questionnaire will be used for descriptive purposes of identifying the relationship between customer relationship marketing and retention of customers according to age, gender and occupation, whereby correlation analysis and descriptive statistics would be utilized (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005). Descriptive statistics is used to describe and summarize the basic features of data collection using a combination of techniques, such as graphical, tabular and summary (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005).   In the findings of analyzed data through different analysis techniques, I would support my development of the dissertation.

A Triple Bottom Line Analysis of Malta Essay

1.Introduction The Republic of Malta is located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is an independent country, which includes the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino, covering an area of 316 square kilometres. The Republic of Malta has a population of 417,617 (National Statistics, Demographic Review 2010) most of who live on the island of Malta. Appendix 1 shows that tourism in Malta started to grow in the late 1960’s with visitor numbers increasing from 47,804 in 1965 to 334,519 by 1975. By 1980 visitors numbers were up to 728,732, with the tourism industry aimed at attracting the mass market. (Lockhart, 1997) The latest tourist numbers stand at 1.3 million. (National Statistics, Tourist Departures, 2010) As with many Mediterranean islands Malta’s tourism has been historically focused on mass tourism, sun, sea and sand package holidays resulting in the neglect of historical cultural and environmental impacts. (Dodds, 2007) The rapid development of tourism in Malta combined with the high number of seasonal visitors has lead to number of impacts. These impacts can be accessed using the triple bottom line approach developed by John Elkington in reference to the economic, social and environmental impacts. (Elkington, 1997) 2.Issues When identifying the issues that Malta is facing, the principles of the Cape Town Declaration, Agenda 21 and the context of Responsible Tourism have been used as point of reference as well as a number of official reports, including the State of the Environment Reports (2002, 1998 and 2005 and Malta’s National Report to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002). On the basis of this research the following issues have been identified. 2.1Economic Issues 2.1.1Pressure on the island infrastructure The rapid development of the tourism industry in Malta has resulted in insufficient consideration and planning being given to the country’s infrastructure. Malta is a small island, yet its infrastructure, as previously mentioned now has to support its own population and the 1.3 million tourists. Despite the growing numbers of tourists, inadequate investment into the country’s infrastructure is still not in place. This is a common issue in many resorts; infrastructures are unable to cope with the intensity of tourist visitation at peak periods of the year (Mathieson and Wall 1982) Malta’s roads are of poor condition. With congestion, noise and air pollution being an issue. The water supply, waste management, beaches and visitor attractions are stretched to capacity in the summer months each year when visitor numbers are at their peak. 2.1.2Seasonality of visitors Tourism in Malta is very seasonal, with the majority of incoming tourists arriving in the May to October period. In 2005, 68.4% of tourists arrived during these months, with 47.8% arriving during the months of July and September. (Appendix 2 shows Malta’s Tourist Departures 2001-2005) This shows that tourist densities in Malta are very high during the peak season. In recent years the total number of tourists amounted to almost three times as much as the resident population. (Briguglio and Briguglio, 1996) 2.2Social Issues 2.2.1Employment Malta’s tourism industry operates 12 months of the year; the seasonality causes issues for the Maltese citizens as employment within the tourism sector in not full time. High tourist densities As previously mentioned, Malta has a densely populated country. The influx of visitors who arrive during the busy peak season, cause overcrowding and congestion, putting increased pressure on the already strained infrastructure. This creates discomfort for the local residents. (Briguglio and Briguglio, 1996) as they are unable to use the local transport, visit places of interest or go to the beach. Damage to historical places is caused through frequent visitor numbers with many of the important locations being in a state of decay 2.3Environmental Issues 2.3.1Rapid increase in building work Building of tourist accommodation in Malta has increased at a very rapid rate as a result of intensive development in certain areas (Briguglio and Briguglio, 1996). High rise concrete hotels have replaced the traditional Maltese houses, losing local culture and character. The increased construction work and development of the tourism industry as had a negative impact on the environment, as not enough commitment has been shown to the protection of the important habitats. The quarrying itself has an environmental impact, land degradation and dust pollution. The waste products left after construction, such as rubble, are not currently recycled, and are often dumped. (A Sustainable Development Strategy for the Maltese Islands, 2006) Also most of the buildings are not energy efficient, causing wasted energy and increased co2. Renewable energy has not been incorporated into many of the properties. 2.3.2Waste The sewage network in Malta is heavily taxed by the native population alone. (Briguglio and Briguglio, 1996). The high number of tourists increases this problem. This has had several knock-on effects including foul smells; bays having to be closed for swimming due to sewage pollution, degradation of flora and fauna as well as damage to the coastal and marine life. Certain areas of Malta remain characterised by high levels of littering and dumping. (www.mepa.org.mt/ter08-resources+waste). 2.3.3Water Freshwater remains a scare national resource in Malta, particularly during the peak summer months due to the increased population density and arid climate. (www.mepa.org.mt/ter08-freshwater). Hotels use large amounts of water for swimming pools and watering gardens, which adds further pressure to the limited supply. Malta has a high dependence on desalinated water, which is expensive to produce both from an economic and environmental point of view. Leakages from the distribution network are a problem as is the quality of the drinking water. 3Priorities The main issues identified by the triple bottom line analysis of Malta are with the rapid development of the mass tourism sun, sea and sand market, consideration was not given to the country’s infrastructure. Future planning had not been put in place as to how the country would deal with high numbers of visitors during the summer months, and what environmental effects this would have on the country. The priorities focus on the issues which need to be addressed. 3.1 Investment in infrastructure Tourism is important to Malta’s economy, it is therefore of the upmost importance that the infrastructure is improved, so that it is able to handle growing visitor numbers. Upgrade of the roads is necessary; if the roads were in improved, it would reduce the congestion and noise problem, making the visitor experience better as well as being a much needed improvement for the local people. 3.2 Development of tourism product during the off peak season Malta currently depends heavily on the summer mass-tourism sun, sea and sand market. During the summer its visitor numbers are reaching capacity. Attention needs to be given to reducing seasonality through further development, education and marketing of the other facilities and attractions that Malta have to offer, encouraging existing summer visitors and potential new visitors to stay during off-peak season. This would benefit the local economy and the local people through full time employment, if the visitor numbers are spread throughout the year, local people would also not have the issue with overcrowding of local attractions. Finally the natural resources would also be better off if demand during the summer was less. 3.3 Water and waste improvements Water supply and waste management systems need to be addressed The sewerage system needs to be addressed, currently most of effluents into the marine environment, which continues to have a detrimental effect on the environment as well as health threats to people using the sea. Littering, noise, clean water, lack of greenery and open spaces are among the factors that have an impact of Malta’s natural heritage and negatively influence the competitiveness of the overall Maltese product. If these matters are improved the experience for the tourist would be enhanced and the quality of life of the Maltese people would be enriched.  Both are essential to sustain the current tourism industry, and looking forward, these systems need to be invested in, if the tourism industry is to continue to grow. 4.Conclusion Mass tourism cannot continue in Malta, as it has in other Mediterranean destinations, who have more space and resources to support such visitor numbers. Maltese Tourism must find a balance between increased tourism numbers with the needs of the local residents and the environment, so going forward it becomes more sustainable. Creating better places for people to live in and for people to visit. (The Cape Town Declaration, 2002).

Fire Incident Happen In World Trade Center Environmental Sciences Essay

1.0 IntroductionHigh-rise edifice has become big portion of people and assets exposed, particularly for the big figure of high-rise edifices presently building in Asia and Middle East. Harmonizing to Hall.J.R. , ( 2005 ) reference about tower block edifice has lower hazard of fire per unit floor country. So this thought has brought and changed human perceptual experience advanced about building engineering. Mention to US NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, the edifices which have height more than 23m defined as tower block edifice. When constructing construct higher and higher, fire safety demand to be concern because it will impact the deliverance mission and fire combat operation. Evacuation procedure is of import assist people escape from edifice.2.0 Issue StatementIn recent old ages, fire onslaught in high rise edifice has become the common issue which cause many civilian deceases and injured. Civilians who stayed in high rise edifice were unable to get away because they located at high d egree from the land. On behalf the fire incident happen, fright besides has caused the job which makes them unable to get away. Although fire exigency issue are provided, it is excessively slow for civilian staying in the top floors of the edifice to get away. The opportunity of them to get away is low. Another job is trouble for fire combatants to make the upper floors. For illustration, the highest fire truck ladder can merely extends to the eight floors. In order to snuff out fire above that point, fire combatants must mount up many of stepss along with fire hosieries and other heavy equipment. High-rise edifices are designed to be safe. When come to many civilian stay at tall edifice, exigency response is become more hard to evacuate civilians out of the edifice. What tallness is considered tower block? Refer to paragraph 3.3.28.7 of the Life Safety CodeA ® , 2006 edition, defines a high-rise edifice as a edifice more than 75 pess ( 23 metres ) in tallness which measured from the lowest degree land floor entree to the floor of the highest of the edifice. Earlier to 1999, the National Fire Incident Reporting System ( NFIRS ) coded edifice tallness in scopes which considered as tower block such as 7-12 narratives, 13-24 narratives, 25-49 narratives, and 50 narratives or more. Get downing in 1999, NFIRS Version 5.0 permits the exact tallness to be recorded. It is besides possible to separate between height above land and entire tallness. In maintaining with the Life Safety Code definition, a tallness above land of seven or more narratives is used to specify tower block from 1999 on. There are many instances related to fire incident. For illustration, the incident go on on Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City wholly collapsed merely over one hr after fires raged in them upon the clang of two aeroplanes into them on 11 September 2001. This entire incident caused 2795 dead. Harmonizing to Craven.J. , ( 2001 ) The causes of edifices prostration was due to terrible weakening of the supporting strength of the towers ‘ steel-based supporting construction under impact from terrorist planes and utmost heat. Besides, the high-rise flat fire in Shanghai on15 November 2010 has become attending for people around the universe. This incident has taken 53 people life and injured 70 casualties. This incident was caused by the flicker during welding work. ( YeinJee ‘s Asiatic Journal, 2010 ) Furthermore, there is another fire incident happen in Busan on October 2010. Based on the study, there are no casualties were reported as most occupants were dis persed after the fire broke out. Fire combatants rescued 31 occupants, four of casualties were sent to the infirmary for intervention. Based on the probe, people suspect the cause happen from the fire started at the refuse room on the 4th floor which is extremely flammable wall stuff and strong air currents seemingly fuelled the fire. Based on incidents highlighted, the fire safety design needs to be considered more critically for all the high rise edifice. ( Koreabridge, 2010 )3.0 Research HypothesisThis research survey focused on two key countries which are the demand of fire safety shelter design needed in high rise edifice and to measure the consciousness of residents about fire safe shelter. Fire safe shelter is designed as safety floor which can let residents to remain for emptying. Harmonizing to Snyder.L. , ( 2009 ) mentioned about the shelter in topographic point is designed to let residents to withdraw to a safe country which can protect against heat and fume. That country can be used to help the orderly mercantile establishment of residents, hold residents until first respondents can deliver them, or keep residents until the menace is eliminated. Ever more, refuge countries provided bipartisan communicating systems to reach with first respondents. Recently, there are several Asiatic states such as China and Singapore has developed as many sky scrapers. During the designing procedure, tall edifices must be provided with refuge floors every 20 to 25 floors. These are normally mechanical floors ( no usually occupied infinite ) with at least 50 % of the floor country configured as an country of safety ( 2-hr separations to equipment infinites, no fuel burden, infinite to keep all residents of the floors between refuge floors at 0.3 M2 or 3 ft2per individual ) . They are required to be unfastened on two opposite sides so that fume will non roll up. Refuge floors provide a protected infinite for residents to rest or to expect aid, or to traverse between staircases. ( Code of Practice for the Provision of Means of Escape in Case of Fire, Part II, Section 21 Refuge Floors, Hong Kong Building Authority, 1996 ) Refer to Meacham.B. , ( 2006 ) mentioned about demands for refuge floors are comparatively new and are presently found in merely a few edifices. No existent emptyings have occurred but there is some experience from drills that indicates there may be a job when people reach a refuge floor and make up one's mind to wait at that place instead than go oning the emptying. Indeed, the consciousness of residents who stayed at high rise edifice should be considered. Each resident who stays in tower block should responsible to cognize where the safety topographic point is. Owner of the edifice should supply fire safety program and information which can steer residents to get away during fire incident. Fires Safety Drill should be organize by the fire section which can assist people more understand on what state of affairs and to protect themselves. During the drill procedure, occupants gather on the refuge floor such that extra geting residents can non come in. This is a drill procedure where the residents know they are non in danger and that they will be returning to their floor after the drill. Presently, the World Financial Center building in Shanghai incorporates refuge floors and besides uses two observation lifts running on the exterior of the ace columns on diagonal corners of the edifice. These lifts were originally designed to supply express serv ice merely to the observation deck on the top floor. These observation lifts were modified to halt at each of the safety floors to be used for occupant emersion in fires. Alternatively of people need to go from 25 floors to land floor, the better manner is utilizing the closest safety floor even if it was above your place.4.0 AimThe purpose of this research is to entree the demand for fire safety means in high rise edifices.5.0 Aims1 ) To detect how best to better fire safety by utilizing fire safe shelter. 2 ) To suggest solution on how to incorporate the fire safety design in high rise edifice.6.0 ScopeThis research discussed the design of shelters to protect against fire onslaught. The design of such shelters requires attending to jobs such as the figure of residents remaining or working in such edifice and besides the weight of the edifice which affected the design of shelter. The used of this fire safety system can take to better protection in order to cut down hazard of danger from residents. Besides, the counter measured for high rise edifice fire besides needs to be considered to cover with big hazard as follows, 1. Fire safe shelter design in tower block edifice 2. Emptying7.0 MethodologyIn order to accomplish the aims that have been stated, the research was carried out in measure by stairss. First of all, place the aims and range needed for this research. Secondly is followed by carry oning literature reappraisal about issue on fire incident happen in high rise edifice and the map of fire safety shelter presently use in the tower block edifice. This procedure helped in better apprehension on the research subject and integrated the cognition to the proposed topic. Besides, professional interviews with the designer and applied scientist besides conducted related to the fire safety shelter in safety design.8.0 Literature Review8.1 Issues ( Case Study ) Fire incident happen in World Trade Center in New York City Fire incident happen in high-rise flat in Shanghai Degree centigrades: UsersAcerDownloadsworld-trade-center-2nd-attack2-9-11-01.jpg Degree centigrades: UsersAcerDownloads11 ( 1 ) .jpg Beginning from Energy Matters ( 2012 ) Beginning from China stillness ( 2010 ) Figure 1 Figure 2 Harmonizing to figure 1, this fire incident was happened on 11 September 2001 in New York City. The United States has faced the cruelest terrorist onslaught in history. Thousands of citizens have been killed and many more injured. This incident has shocked and overwhelmed by the monolithic loss in lives and belongings. Everyone of the citizen in there feels driven to make something to react to the calamity happened. This twin tower of WTC has approximately 417 and 415 metres height. Along with the 110 floors Twin Towers were destroyed or severely damaged, including WTC edifices 3 through 7 and St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church. The North Tower, South Tower, the Marriott Hotel ( 3 WTC ) and 7 WTC were wholly destroyed. The U.S. Customs House ( 6 World Trade Center ) , 4 World Trade Center, 5 World Trade Center, and both prosaic Bridgess linking edifices were badly damaged. The Deutsche Bank Building on 130 Liberty Street was partly damaged and demolished subsequently. The two edifices of the World Financial Center besides suffered harm. The incident happened due to the impact of plane clang. A high monolithic detonation created highly high temperature which has weakened the strength of steel beads and increased warp. Mention to Craven.J. , ( 2001 ) has mentioned about the twin towers had redundant design which means if one edifice fail, another edifice carries burden. This twin towers had entire 244 columns each around the cardinal nucleus. Although there are some column damaged, but others could stay support. Due to the go oning fire combustion, the fire spread from one portion to another portion which has weakened floors and began to fall in. The crashed floor increased the impulse which has caused the edifice could non prolong the weight and collapsed wholly. Although the deliverance mission was conducted, but the accomplishments and engineering during current twelvemonth was stilled non in advanced, so the emptying mission was failed and many citizens were killed due to enable to get away. Figure 2 has showed another fire incident happened in Shanghai. This incident happened on 15 November 2010 at Jing An territory under redevelopment. This calamity has taken 49 people life. Harmonizing to Shanghai News ( 2010 ) has discussed about the fire happened was caused by unaccredited welders improperly runing their equipment and enkindled fire to the staging and light plastic webs which is extremely flammable. The fire started firing at the roof and continued spread the fire to plastic webs around the edifice. Based on the issues have been discussed, fire safety is critical of import to guarantee residents who stayed in tower block edifice are protected. In order to minimise the hazard, fire safe shelter is strongly recommended to plan in tower block edifice. This design may alter to better state of affairs when fire happen.8.2 Refuge floor ( Fire safe shelter )Refuge floor is a particular design recommended to put in in tower block edifice to protect residents for temporarily gather and delay for evacuate in instance of fire. Based on research inquiry, refugee floor is explained in general. Refuge floors should be installed in all edifices which exceed 25 floors in tallness. Mention to Hong Kong fire section, all refuge floors should follow with the demands as specified in the â€Å" Provision of Means of Escape in Case of Fire 1996 † published by the Building Department. In order to put in refuge floor, demands should purely follow. First is no occupied adjustment or nearby mechanical works room, except fire service H2O armored combat vehicles and affiliated fire service installing works room, at the same degree as the safety floor. Second, the country for safety should non be less than 50 % of the entire gross floor country of the safety floor and height non less than 2300mm. Third, the minimal dimension of the country for safety should be at least 50 % greater than the breadth of the widest stairway go throughing through the refuge floor. Fourth, the country for safety should be separated from the balance of the edifice in conformity with the demands in the Code of Practice for Fire Resisting Construction published by the Buildings Department. Continue by, the country for safety should be open-sided above safe parapet tallness on at least two opposite sides to supply equal cross airing: the unfastened sides should follow with the demands in the Cod e of Practice for Fire Resisting Construction. Next, any stairway passing through a refuge floor should be discontinued at such degree so that the issue path is diverted to go through over portion of the refuge country before it is continued to go out downwards. Furthermore, every portion of the country for safety should be provided with unreal illuming supplying a horizontal luminosity at floor degree of non less than 30 lx and backed up by an exigency illuming system supplying a horizontal luminosity at floor degree of non less than 2 lx. The design of the exigency illuming system should follow with the Code of Practice for Minimum Fire Service Installations and Equipment. Furthermore, a refuge floor should be provided with such fire service installing and equipment as may be required by the Director of Fire Services. Other than that, a safety floor ( other than a roof ) should be served by a fireman ‘s lift. The lift doors should non open onto the refuge floor in normal ope ration and should be locked at all times until automatically released on propulsion of the fireman ‘s switch and eventually is the notices and directional marks should be provided at each floor. ( Fire Services Department, 2012 )8.3 EmptyingPresently, the fire and life safety systems installed in high-rise edifices including automatic fire sprinkler protection, are designed to command a fire and hence lessen the demand to evacuate all residents. In a typical scenario, the residents of the fire floor and the floors instantly above and below it should instantly utilize the issue stairs to fall to a floor degree that is at least several floors below the fire floor, and await farther direction from safety functionaries. Harmonizing to National Safety Council reference about successful and efficient emptying depends on complete preplanning, organisation, and supervising. Planing should carry on based on basic rule. First is constructing emptying organisation. Second is emptying pol icy and programs. Third is sensing and coverage based on fire or jeopardy. Follow by emptying plan coordination is about motion and emptying. Next is communicate to direct motion and emptying and last is review and rating.9.0 DiscussionAfter the literature reappraisal has been conducted, fire safety is strongly recommended to better in order to cut down hazard of decease and hurt. Height has caused the job when the tower block edifice caught fire due to natural catastrophe or human carelessness. Fire safe shelter has been introduced to guarantee the residents can remain from fire onslaught and the possibility to get away from the incident in the shortest clip. Based on this circumstance, the developer should see on the fire safety system in a high rise edifice. Due to the tallness of a high rise edifice, it causes the residents unable to get away straight from the edifice which means they will necessitate the aid from the fire brigade for emptying. Before they can get away from the incident, the design of fire safety shelter known as refuge floor can supply a safe country to the residents. Emptying program should work with refuge floor in order to evacuate the residents out of edifice in a shortest clip. Beside, the consciousness on the fire safety system should earnestly concentrate to all the residents of high rise edifice to guarantee they gain the cognition which can protect them in instance of fire.10.0 DecisionFrom this research, tallness is the issue which need to concentrate and see on the developing a tower block edifice. When fire incident happen, first thing the residents need to make is make n't panic. They should follow direction move to the safety floor and delay for evacuate mission. Therefore, an effectual fire safety system is of import to do certain an equal and effectual communicate system to all the floors. Residents may hold better protection to cut down the hazard to zero.

Summarizing this Pdf to one page plz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summarizing this Pdf to one page plz - Essay Example Depending on the ground plane size, a moderate to high efficiency is achieved. The antenna has a small fraction bandwidth of around 1%. As the ground plane size decreases ohmic loss increases and the antenna become more similar to an isotropic radiator. Symmetrically loaded miniaturized slot antenna applies boundary condition at both sides of the slot-line. Under this condition, re-configurability, selection of area with the peak current and variable miniaturization level is possible. Slot antenna uses inductive loadings to maintain the current level in the end of reduced size slot antenna. Since small antennas are narrowband, it is important to increase the bandwidth without compromising efficiency. Comparison between the miniaturized slot and miniaturized folded slot impedances shows an increase by a factor of four in the radiation conductance. Therefore, slotted structures demonstrate higher efficiency and lower losses and are thus preferred whenever a ground plane is

Communication Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication Game - Essay Example ses into words when acting so, before the game starts, you can give them time to plan on their secret codes like showing the ring, middle and point fingers up to denote ‘W’ for word and making a fist to tell the group members that they are to guess for a phrase. Sticking out the point finger can mean the first word or syllable and raising two fingers mean the second word or syllable, and so on. No actor is allowed to make sounds or let his/her group mates read his/her lips, that is the lips of the actor should never move. Pointing to a thing to give away an answer is to the teacher or host’s discretion if it is allowed or not. The time limit for each actor should be given. Three minutes is ideal or can be adjusted to cater to all participants at a given period of time. If there many participants, you can lessen the time for each participant to act. To reach the aim of improving verbal communications of the participants, guesses can be required to be in sentences and not just words. For example, instead of just saying ‘word’, the guessers should say, ‘Is this a word?’. Appropriate punishments must be explained before the game starts to avoid misunderstandings during the game like, if an actor is caught moving his mouth, the group will have deductions from their score. Scoring should also be well-defined. For instance, a group guesses correctly in two minutes and one second to three minutes, they will have a score of 1, if they correctly guess the answer in one minute and one second to two minutes, they will be credited 3 points but get 5 points if they answer correctly in one minute or less. More punishments can be imposed depending on the discipline the teacher or host would like to draw from the participants. After giving all the instructions and rules, the game can start with one actor from each team playing alternately until all have acted. The actor picks a strip of paper where a word or phrase is written. The actor is the only one allowed

Monarch PLC Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Monarch PLC Airlines - Essay Example Monarch Airline operates in an environment that has appreciated the advantages of technology, innovation, and rapid changes in their trading environment (Doganis 2006). Its customers have diverse interests and satisfaction levels hence serving as the main drive for change. In addition, the airline faces a lot of competition from other airlines operating within the same locality and destinations. With such a diverse and demanding environment, the airline has had to make major improvements to continue meeting the market demands. For example, to continue meeting the high demands on bookings by customers, the organization had to change from making bookings over the internet to using open skies by Navitaire. This has seen the company grow to handle large systems of operations within small timelines. It has also favored the company in protecting its information while changing swiftly to the ever-changing demands in the airline market. The survival of any business depended on how the manage ment will handle the risks since they are inevitable but manageable. Challenges and opportunities keep on changing making it hard for any company to operate in a highly competitive area. Therefore, for any business to grow, risk taking is a practice to embrace (Flouris & Yilmaz 2011). Monarch airline is not exempted in this and thus has had to face many risks. Overcoming and managing the risks has seen the company grow to where it is today. Managing risks involve balancing between rewards and losses. It entails minimizing bad outcomes and enhancing good outcomes (Thomas 2002). It comes with a preparedness to handle any misfortunes that will take place in the cause of operation. It has been proved that everybody would play on the safe side of life. This provides a shield against unplanned events that endanger the running of a company or any part in the society (Flouris & Yilmaz 2011). However, some risks are inevitable and uncertain to happen. When they happen, it is only prudent to learn how to cope with them. Uncertainties and ignorance stands as major challenges in coping with the situations. Through the authorities, the balancing act should be approached from an open point of view that will accommodate all parties involved. Risk management in any organization is perceived to be the responsibility of specific individuals. However, this should not be true since every human being by nature is a risk manger. Every person by nature is responsible to handle the nature of risk created by his or her behavior (Douglas & Wildavsky 1983). The only thing that the authority can do is to ensure that every individual within the operations of the organization are well informed of the risks involved and the possible ways out of the risks. In every organization, risk experts and safety regulators stands out as very important part in the daily running of the institution. They identify risk issues early before everybody else does that (Thomas 2002). Risk authorities estimate t he magnitude of risk and therefore advise the parties involved accordingly. However, there has been cases where many people insist in taking much risk than can be handled (Douglas & Wildavsky 1983). One could be because of ignorance and two could be lack of knowledge on how much such risks could cost the organization. Risk is

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Essay

Analogical paper on Gambling related to the Mahabharata or the Bhagavad-Gita - Essay Example Gambling can be a major entertainment in Las Vegas and Macao, and it is legal. However, public gambling is illegal in my home town, Taiwan. This gambling issue in Taiwan can relate to how Yudhisthira loses everything including himself in the dice gamble with Sakuni. It seems to me that gamble is like a drug and people who like to gamble cannot get rid of it because they are already addicted to gambling. If people are addicted to gamble, they lose their focus from their life goals. Gambling is betting of money or anything of material value on an event with unknown outcome. It is made to win instant and additional money or material goods. Gambling is both legal and illegal. It is the major commercial activity; the legal gambling market estimated in 2009 was worth $335 billion. The types of gambling are Casino games Table games Electronic gaming Non-casino gambling Fixed-odd betting Pari-mutuel betting Sports betting Arbitrage betting Gambling in the modern world has taken many shapes. The world spends billions on gambling every year. It may be a hobby of the elite class but those who lose everything because of gambling is the subject of debate. 1.1 History of gambling They history of gambling is ancient and relates to the different parts of the world. From Hindu to catholic and Jewish to the modern man or atheists; gambling has always been there, expanding and modernizing. Different parts of the world have different ways to gamble. Many popular games played in modern casinos originate from Europe and China, whereas the card games originated in the Middle East. Betting on horses originated from Arab (Aasved, 2003, pp.194). 1.2 Why do people gamble? The first answer to this question is because they want to become rich (Brenner and Brenner, 1990, pp.81). They want their money to double in a blink of an eye which is not possible in reality. That is why without being sure of the result they spend money so that they get a far greater amount in return. Gambling is an ad dition to have easy and quick money. Their lust for it is so strong that the negative outcomes never overtake the prominent desire to earn a lot of money in return to the smaller amount. According to Brenner and Brenner (1990, pp.169), number of attempts is made to understand gambling behaviors. One of the facts is that, gambling is a matter of taste. People who like to take risk usually gamble whereas those who are afraid do not. Gambling is a dangerous game not everyone risks for it. The poor who have the desire for money relatively fall for it more than the rich. It is also observed that those who lose money or business may gamble to meet their requirements. Gambling is a big business; people who want others to gamble make it attractive and appealing. Nice talks are made about gambling, prizes are highlighted. Both small and large amounts on lotteries and bets attract those who want to risk or are addicted to gamble. 1.3 Issues and problems related to gambling There are many issu es related to gambling, it is not necessary that always the outcome of gambling is a problem. Low risk and safe gambling can also be made, but when the limits are crossed and large risks are taken gambling problem arises. Some of the problems related to gambling are: a. Impact on families Families are mostly affected by gambling problems. People lose almost everything in gambling even there place to live. It causes long term issues. b. Money problems: It is the most important problems which brings with it all others. It may be

Decision making to IT related Ethical issue Essay

Decision making to IT related Ethical issue - Essay Example The latter consists of software programs, music, videos and other content that is being protected by the international law. The sites which provide easy access to it are called trackers. One of the most famous ones, namely The Pirate Bay has been closed several times, but it still operates. One would make no mistake that there are several groups of stakeholders that can be identified in this situation. First of all, there are end users who got used to being able to download any content they want for free. Secondly, there are the creators of the contents who want to earn money with the help of it. Thirdly, there is the government who is willing to gain an effective control over this segment. Finally, there are owners of the web sites that are affected by the applicable legislation. There may be several consequences of the decision. For example, if software piracy is being taken care of severely, it will be impossible to listen to the music online (Morley & Parker, 2007, p. 604). In addition to that, a lot of web site will have to erase the content that they currently have and change to comply with the law. There are several principles that should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, the government is responsible for making sure that its citizens obey the law and punish those who refuse to do so (Kehal, 2004, p. 176). In spite of the fact that the Internet is considered to be a virtual space that does not obey any particular government, those who download the content are always situated in a particular legal framework. On the other hand, there are people who argue that free sharing should become the characteristic feature of the digital age and it is ridiculous to fight it. One might identify quite a few options that there are. To begin with, it may be rather effective to block every single web site that provides those who access it with the ability to

Lessons from Gorbachev's Doomed U.S.S.R and America's current Path Research Paper

Lessons from Gorbachev's Doomed U.S.S.R and America's current Path - Research Paper Example The relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union has been characterized by the interplay of economic, ideological and political factors that largely resulted in supper power rivalry throughout the cold war period. One of the remarkable similarities shared by the current United States and the former Soviet Union is a serious foreign debt crisis and a looming bankruptcy. Prior to its collapse Gorbachev's Doomed U.S.S.R was taking on foreign debt at unsustainable rates. A peak in the Russian oil production, as well as low world prices at the time, later sealed the fate of Soviet Union under Gorbachev. For example, his two main policies of Perestroika and glasnost significantly resulted in a political instability that eventually gave way to the dissolution of the Union (Service, 13).On the other hand, just like the former USSR, United States is also now facing similar economic problems and the current outstanding US national debt stands at over $16 trillion and is one of t he largest debts owed by a single country in the world. Even before the current economic crisis, the US grew by nearly 50% and the fact that the US debt to GDP ratio now stands at more than 100% is a serious alarm to both the policymakers and the investors. According to many analysts, the high US national debt resulted from an accumulation of federal budget deficits with the largest contributor being President Obama through his tax cuts, economic stimulus package (bailout) and increased military spending.

Academic Redshirting by Judy Mollard Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Redshirting by Judy Mollard - Article Example In addition, another key strength of the article is that it has probably identified the key issues that are emerging or have emerged from each trend. In my opinion, one key weakness of the article is its failure to include the most recent studies on the subjects discussed. In redshirting, for example, some of the articles that can be included are those written in 2007, 2008, and 2009. It is possible that there were also studies conducted in 2010 and 2011. Unfortunately, Molland’s article covered only an article done on academic redshirting in 2002. A second key weakness of the article is its use of anecdotal evidence instead of scholarly studies for assertions. Finally, another key weakness of the article is that it did not summarize the overall implications of the key trends on education in the United States. Yet, at the same time, it is possible that it was never really the article’s intention to identify the overall implications of the key trends in US education. The possible applications of the article are numerous. First, on the phenomenon of redshirting, it presents one important challenge that teachers are facing: teaching classes where the age gap among pupils in a class can be as high as 16 months and where some of the children can be bored with the instructions. The trend for student-led conferences to explain their own learning is also another area for possible application. Student-led conferences were presented by the article as a possible method for identifying one’s strengths and weaknesses in the delivery of instructions. Of course, studies may be needed to find out how useful or reliable the student-led conferences are but nevertheless student-led conferences can remain an option for teachers until proven ineffective or unreliable. The trend of bringing middle schools into K-8 schools presents an option for educators to follow. The article pointed out that K-8 schools tend to have more parent involvement and fewer discipline problems

Education - Children's Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education - Children's Rights - Essay Example First, it is illegal that these children were in the United Kingdom because they had been trafficked there. The county council of Kent said that it did not know what had happened to the children who had gone missing from their foster parents or children’s homes. The disappearance of these children has sparked a lot of concern that has led to fresh calls to reform how trafficked children are cared for in the country. The rights of many children are being abused at different levels all over the world. For example, in this case, the children who have been trafficked into the United Kingdom are forced into cannabis farming, prostitution and benefit fraud among others (Archald, 2010). According to international legislation, in the case of children, the use of force or other forms of intimidation, such as fraud, deception, abduction, the abuse of power, or a position of vulnerability doesn’t need to be present in order for the crime to be termed trafficking. The UN Protocol t o Avert, Suppress and Penalize Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children also describes child trafficking as trafficking in human beings. The International Labor Organization convention 182 defines it as a form of child labor. The children fall back into the hands of people operating in various criminal networks across the world. The news of the mysterious disappearance of these children is said to have come on Anti-Slavery day when data was released by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre and the Homes Offices in the United Kingdom (Pardeck, 2006). Over the past years, the number of children who had been sent to the Home Office had gone up significantly. Vietnam is seen to have produced the largest single group of victims, totaling to forty eight. It is closely followed by Nigeria with twenty nine and Romania with twenty three. Children were trafficked for a number of reasons such as sexual exploitation. The female children were made to work as prostitute s so as to earn money for whoever introduced them to the act. These children are being denied their right to education. The aims of education are not being taken seriously by the perpetrators (Pardeck, 2006). For example, children were born in societies that acknowledged their rights. Children’s rights have been totally ignored because they cannot defend themselves their rights are totally violated the right to education being the most affected. The director of Kent County Council is on record saying that there is no way of preventing the trafficked children from leaving the care given to them by the council. This could only be ensured by keeping the children under lock and key, which would be a gross violation of their right. Pardeck (2006) suggests that the council should encourage these children to talk to them so that they can establish grounds of trust. Theoretically, Aristotle insisted on the value of children education (Pardeck, 2011). He stipulated all forms of practi ces that would ensure that children continued to grow in all manners and means. Trafficking and abusing children is one major impediment to their education and a gross violation of their rights. He states that for children to grow up bright and intelligent, they need education. This education cannot be possible if the children are involved in activities such as prostitution. The education should at all times be consistent with general aims that have been set. This is through set syllabi all over the world. He insisted that children should ensure that they

Textron Case Essay Example for Free

Textron Case Essay 1) How does Textron make money? Textron is able to make money as a result of 4 defining aspects of its business model: a. Textron is a conglomerate: by purchasing a variety of companies, Textron is able to share technology between its business units thus increasing its competitive advantage in these respective units. For instance, lessons learned in aerodynamics at Bell Helicopters can be used in the construction of aircraft at Cessna. Additionally, because of Textrons size, it increases its buyer power and can take advantage of economies of scale when purchasing from the common suppliers across business units. b. Diversification: Textron has purchased a variety of companies that complement one another such as different target markets (regular consumers vs. government consumers) and both high and low priced products (ex: hardware tools vs. private jets). Thus, like a well diversified stock portfolio, Textron is able to hedge its exposure to risk between its various business units (if one industry performs poorly one year, another industry may fair better). c. Vertically integrated: in Textrons history it developed a vertically integrated company that controlled every operational aspect of the business from raw goods to processing to distribution. Thus, it has been able to control the costs of many aspects of its business d. Finance business unit: Additional revenue is generated through the earned interest from customers who purchase credit from Textron in order to purchase Textron products. This revenue stream keeps customers in the Textron environment instead of losing customers to other credit-granting financial institutions. This Textron environment also: * Creates a one-stop-shop that can increases Textrons stickiness to its customers (also increase customer retention), which may lead to longer and stronger customer relationships. * Creates flexibility since Textron can offer more favourable interest rates than other financial institutions to promote more Textron sales 2) Assessment of Textrons: Assessment of Exhibit 1: Textron is investing heavily in assets that are not producing the sales or profits required to sustain its growth. Hence, its only choice is to finance its growth, which increases its debt and risk of bankruptcy. Textron needs to improve its asset management by increasing the output of its assets (such as PPE), changing its assets or improving its days inventory. Textron can increase the outputs of its assets by training staff to use equipment and tools more effectively or upgrade equipment and tools that can increase productivity. Textron can decrease its days inventory by improving its sales forecasting in order to produce only enough units that are demanded by the market. 3) Assessment of Textrons Cash Flow: Analysis of Cash Flow Statements 2004-2006 (in millions): * Under CFO * Net income nearly tripled from 2005 (203) to 2006 (601) * Under CFI * Net cash used in acquisitions increased significantly from 2005 (28) to 2006 (502) * Under CFI the Net Cash Used in Investing Activities of Continuing Operations has more than doubled from 2004 (800) to 2006 (2062) however, under CFO, the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities of Continuing Operations has not doubled nor has it grown significantly from 2004 (949) to 2006 (1017). * Under CFF * In 2004 the Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities (Net CFO) is 950 and the Net Cash used in Investing Activities (Net CFI) 818. Therefore Textron generated enough cash to finance its investment activity (950-818 = 135). By contrast, in 2005 and 2006, Textron has had to use debt to finance its investments since in 2005 the Net CFO is 1036 million and Net CFI 1195 million (delta = -159) and in 2006 the Net CFO is 969 but the CFI is 1409 (delta = -440). By increasing the amount of debt, Textron increases its risk of going bankrupt in the future should the company not be able to meet its debt obligations. * Final Assessment of Cash Flow Statement: It seems that Textron is making a good amount of cash through its operations but this cash is not enough to feed its investment activities. Even worse, the increased investment has had little impact in increasing cash inflow. * Assessment of Exhibit 2: All of the above ratios are point towards poor cash flow management except Current Ratio. Thus Textrons favourable Current Ratio can be interpreted as Textron has the ability to pay off its liabilities only if it sells its large inventory (indicated by its large Days Inventory value). 4) Textrons use of LIFO and FIFO: e. Textrons income before taxes in 2006 using FIFO * Under current method: * The beginning inventory of 2006+purchase -COGS=the ending inventory of 2006 * 1,712 + purchase 8,528 = 2,069(in millions) let this calculation be called A

T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship

T.H. Marshalls Theory of Citizenship Critically discuss T. H. Marshall’s theory of citizenship as outlined in Citizenship and Social Class (1949/1992). At the centre of the development of citizenship in modern Britain is the pioneering work of T.H. Marshall (Faulks, 1998). T.H. Marshall proposed an extremely influential theory in regards to citizenship (Dwyer, 2010). Through his analysis of citizenship, Marshall has to be acknowledged as identifying an original theoretical stand point from which to understand a social phenomenon (Held and Thompson, 1989). Few British Social Scientists other than Marshall have directly considered the concept of citizenship and made it their central focus in their work (Lister, 2010). Therefore, it has been Marshall’s contribution that has been considered a starting point for further research into the subject of citizenship rights (Held and Thompson, 1989). Furthermore, as Roche (1992) has identified, Marshall’s writings form a central text which he has labelled the ‘Dominant paradigm’ within citizenship theory in Britain (Faulks, 1998). When critiquing the work of Marshall it is important to recognise how defining citizenship is integral to understanding the concepts expressed in his work and others to date. Marshall defined citizenship as ‘full membership of a community’ (Marshall, 1963: 72). Marshall then clarified that full citizenship status involved membership of a national community (Dwyer, 2010). Marshall’s implication was that each individual considered a citizen could, therefore, expect certain rights of entitlement from the state and in return would be expected to uphold certain standards or duties within the community to be considered a ‘citizen’. As the definition of citizenship has developed over the years so has the concepts of which it encompasses. As such, when critiquing Marshall’s work it is important to acknowledge the era during which the theories considered were proposed as noted by Dwyer (2010). The circumstances during the time of this essay were substan tially different to those of modern society within Britain. Marshall’s work was considered following the Second World War and the establishment of the post war welfare settlement (Dwyer, 2010). Consequently, this has led to critical discussion of Marshall’s theories regarding citizenship and its value by a number of academics to date (Alcock, 1989; Delanty, 2000; Dwyer, 2010 and Lister, 2010). Marshall considers each aspect by analysing each approach historically to the development for rights. Marshall outlined three interlinked elements of rights that took the form of civil, political and social rights (Lister, 2010). The concept of civil rights in Britain came to prominence during the eighteenth century and included; ‘the rights necessary for individual freedom, liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contractors, and the right to justice’ (Marshall, 1963: 74). Discussion of political rights followed during the nineteenth century, which included, the right to vote and stand for political office (Marshall, 1949/1992). The final element of rights was concluded with the possession of social rights to fully categorise somebody as a citizen. The concept of social rights developed primarily in the post Second World War period. Marshall’s definition of social rights has undergone much scrutiny due to his ambiguous theoretical perspective. Powell (2002) and Dwyer (2010) in particular comment on this lack of clarity, â€Å"He is clear that there is no overarching universal principle that emphatically defines what citizenship grants or requires† (Dwyer, 2010:39). As Marshall (1949/92) highlights on several occasions, civil citizenship rights are entirely of the conditions of a free market economy, including a free labour market. Conversely, Marshall appears to be rather aware of the contradictions within the various strands of citizenship, although the aspects seem to interlink it would seem they do not always agree. Potential contradictions between social and civil citizenship, Marshall openly discussed in terms of the conflict between citizenship and class (Bagguley, 2013). As Turner (1993) indicates, Marshall’s analysis of capitalism versus democracy contained a number of ambiguities, but as a whole, Marshall strongly argued that the welfare state would limit the negative impact of class differences on individual life-chances. Ultimately this would enhance the individual’s commitment to the system. Additionally, the era of which social rights were development may affect how some individuals may interpret them (Lister, 2010). The development of civil freedoms was a crucial step in the undoing of the hierarchical primitive limitations of status or duty to an individual’s social superiors (Lister, 2010). Civil freedoms were also a necessary foundation for the later development of the second type of rights noted by Marshall as political rights. Marshall acknowledges four major aims to his essay. Firstly, he examines whether citizenship is compatible with the class structure in a capitalist society such as Britain. Although he states this is possible, individuals such as Faulks, (1998) feel he is ‘cautious’ in stating this. The tension between citizenship and capitalism arises out of the fact that citizenship highlights equality, while capitalism presumes inequality (Dwyer, 2010). For Marshall, the compatibility of citizenship with capitalism was due to social rights by ‘civilising’ the impact of the market (Faulks, 1998). Marshall identifies the increase of incomes, the growth of savings and the success of mass production as enabling society to redistribute wealth and social power (Lister, 2010). Developments such as the progressive tax system and the use of legal aid are shown to reduce the influence of class, effectively, creating social justice via social rights (Held and Thompson, 1989). As his second consideration, rightfully, Marshall argues that citizenship in Britain cannot be fully achieved without altering market operations of the time (Faulks, 1998). Thirdly, Marshall identifies the shift to rights away from responsibilities and the effect of this, and he considered this to be the most important aspect of citizenship in modern Britain (Somers, 2004). Finally, Marshall attempts to establish the limits of social equality and determine just how far the struggle for social justice could realistically go (Tilly, 1996). Marshall contended an image of an ‘ideal citizenship’ and thereby, a goal towards which aspirations can be directed. T.H. Marshall’s approach to social citizenship has been regarded as a democratic socialist view. As Delanty (2002) recognised, social democracy and Marshall’s egalitarian liberalism had several aspects in common. Other influential thinkers such as Richard Titmuss shared a similar passion within the social democratic tradition (Dwyer, 2010). Dwyer (2010) and Alcock and Oakley (2001) have identified the approaches of Titmuss and Marshall, who share several resemblances. Each writer showed a considerable importance to universal unrestricted welfare rights. Furthermore, both Marshall and Titmuss, outlined the identification and consideration of the ‘class struggle’ which is notably identified as an important aspect of the development of social citizenship. Marshall and Titmuss also suggest that the development of British industrial capitalism is of greater significance for the emergence of social rights (Dwyer, 2010). Additionally, the two writers shared the sa me optimism about the motivations that underpin human nature. Titmuss and Marshall both assumed that citizens would mostly behave in a responsible manner and look to enhance their own lives, and the lives of fellow members of their national community, rather than abuse any benefits that social rights may bring for individual gain (Alcock and Oakley, 2001) As Dwyer (2010), rightfully states, personal interpretation is ultimately what pins down the decision about whether or not the work of T.H. Marshall can be seen as social democratic. Key themes that are central to Social Democracy have been identified as: the promotion of equality, freedom, social integration and universal rights to welfare (Held and Thompson, 1989; Turner, 1993). Arguably Marshall’s (1949/92) endorsement of these beliefs identifies him as a social democrat of sorts, even if perhaps he moved away from this position in later life. Delanty (2000) refers to Marshall’s views as a socially democratic left wing liberal approach to citizenship. Marshall’s Citizenship theory, although seen as pioneering, has been the forefront of many critiques (Dwyer, 2010). As Tilly (1996) states, Marxist critics of Marshall’s work on citizenship are widely known, describing the analysis Marshall has given as superficial as it does not highlight, a citizen’s right to control economic production, which has been argued as a necessity for continual shared affluence (Somers, 1994). Furthermore, feminist perspectives as stated by Lister (2008) states Marshall’s theory as being extremely confined in being solely on men, while not acknowledging, the social rights of women. (Held and Thompson 1989). Therefore, Marshall’s Theory reflects that of only the working class white male perspective (Lister, 2003). His statement that in England all people were free and had civil rights can be seen as fabricated, as at the time only men had ‘legal freedom’ or the capability to exercise political or civil rights (Lister, 2008). Additionally, Marshall does not discuss other aspects of society including second class citizens and gender and racial hierarches (Tilly, 1996). Although Marshall did not discuss the issues associated with second class citizenry, he acknowledged that citizenship itself plays a part in social inequality (Marshall, 1942/92). As once noted earlier it is important to understand the circumstances during the time of this essay were substantially different to those of modern society within Britain (Dwyer, 2010) Furthermore, Neo-liberal perspectives and free market ideology asserts that the nonparticipation of the state from economic protection is the foundation of a society with strength and goodness (Held and Thompson, 1989). Consequently they are entirely opposed to the social rights proposed by Marshall (Turner, 1993). Neo-liberals instead suggest that welfare programs such as some of the social responsibilities discussed by Marshall to help the poor in effectively util ising their civil and political rights, have promoted passivity among the poor without improving life chances and have created a culture of welfare dependency (Held and Thompson, 1989; Roche, 1992). Citizenship, or the equality of rights it generates, becomes an integrative process counteracting the tendencies towards social division and conflict generated by the economic system. For Marshall, inequality was not an issue within itself. His focus was to find an acceptable balance between the forces for inequality and those for equality (Lewis 1998). Marshall distinguished between areas of the welfare state where greater degrees of inequality where acceptable and those where this was not the case, as the contrasts between the health service system and legal aid highlight (Marshall, 1949/92). Furthermore, this illustrated that for Marshall, citizenship constructs an affinity between rights and duties. However, this balance is not distributed equally among all who might make the claim to citizenship (Lewis, 1998). To conclude, while considering whether citizenship is compatible with the class structure in a capitalist society such as Britain, Marshall seems cautious in stating that this is possible (Faulks, 1998). Marshall provided an evolutionary view of citizenship, developing through various stages and levels to reach its final embodiment in the principles of British welfare politics (Turner, 1993). The extent of rights and duties that citizenship entails is open to on-going debate and has been challenged over time. Nonetheless, Marshall seems positive about the enrichment of citizenship at the time of writing (Dwyer, 2010). Initially, Marshall put the relationship between the citizen, the state and the social welfare at the centre of his analysis. Marshall achieved this by his suggestion of comprising citizenship into three interlinking aspects. Marshall viewed civil, political and social rights as a result of an evolutionary process, with each element overlapping (Turner, 1993). Marshallà ¢â‚¬â„¢s citizenship is a status rendered to people who can claim full citizenship of a community. Although, as noted by Lewis (1998) Marshall did not clearly state a criteria to which people may acquire such membership. Furthermore, there is a long and ongoing debate as to whether Marshall intended his historical analysis to be interpreted as a general theory of citizenship or whether the essay was just a commentary on the developments of citizenship within England (Faulks, 1998). Bibliography. Alcock, P. (1989). ‘Why Citizenship and New Welfare Rights Offer new Hope for Welfare in Britain,’ Critical Social Policy, Vol 19, no 2, pp 32-43 Alcock, P. and Oakley, A. (2001). ‘Introduction’, in P.Alcock, H Glennerster, A. Oakley and A. Sinfield (eds) Welfare and Wellbeing: Richard Titmuss’s contribution to social policy, Bristol: The Policy Press, pp1-9 Bagguley, P. (2013) Industrial citizenship: a re-conceptualisation and case study of the UK, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Vol. 33 no: 5/6, pp.265 279 Delanty, G. (2000) Citizenship in a Global Age: Society Culture and Politics, Buckingham: Open University Press Dwyer, P. (2010). Understanding Social Citizenship: Themes and perspectives for policy and practice. 2nd ed. Great Britain: The Policy Press. Faulks, K (1998). Citizenship in Modern Britain. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Held, D. and Thompson, J. (1989). Social Theory of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and His Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lewis, G. (1998). Citizenship. In: Hughes, G. Imagining Welfare Futures. London: Routledge Ltd. pp 103-50. Lister, R (2003). Citizenship: Feminist Perspectives. 2nd ed. New York: New York University Press. 2003. Lister, R (2010). Understanding Theories and Concepts in Social Policy. Great Britain: The Policy Press. Marshall, T.H. (1949/92) ‘Citizenship and social class’, in T.H. Marshall and T.Bottomore, Citizenship and social class, London: Pluto Press Marshall, T.H. and Bottomore, T. (1992) Citizenship and social class, London: Pluto Press Powell, M. (2002) ‘The Hidden History of Social Citizenship’, Citizenship Studies, Vol 6, no 3, pp 229-45 Somers, M. R. (1994), Rights, Relationality, and Membership: Rethinking the Making and Meaning of Citizenship. Law Social Inquiry, 19: 63–114. Tilly, C (1996). Citizenship, Identity and Social History. International Review of Social History, 40, pp 1-17. Turner, B (1993). Citizenship and Social Theory. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Student Exam number: Y82850301

The Dramatic Tension Creations Of Shakesphere English Literature Essay

The Dramatic Tension Creations Of Shakesphere English Literature Essay Macbeth is a drama of great tragedy. Written by William Shakespeare in the Elizabethan era, the themes of the play relate to many instances of todays society, including: ambition, fate, deception and treachery. The play begins with three supernatural characters, known as the Witches, who confront the tragic hero Macbeth on his victorious return from the war between Scotland and Norway, alongside him is General Banquo. In the meeting between Macbeth and the Witches, they predict that Macbeth will become King, although never actually, stating the path he must undertake and how these events will occur (Act 1, scene 3). As the scene has been set for the play, the plot continues towards the dramatisation of how Macbeth will achieve this great power to Kill King Duncan of Scotland. Assisted by his wife Lady Macbeth, who plans the fine details of the murder with him, the act is carried out whilst the King is guest of the two characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare wrote the play, in order for the audience to never see the murder, but succumb to the tension that is created by the reactions of the two characters after the deed has been committed. We read that Macbeth is panicked and afraid of the consequences, while Lady Macbeth remains calm, helping Macbeth to smear blood on the daggers onto the sleeping guards, which earlier she drugged, having physical proof that the murder was conducted by them (Act 2, scene 2). Quoted from the scene Whence is that knocking? How ist with me, when every noise appals me? Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?(1,2, 58-61), is eviden ce of this behaviour by the character Macbeth. After the murder, King Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalbain flee from Scotland and Macbeth becomes King. As the play continues, it becomes more dark, sinister and psychological, with Lady Macbeth succumbing to madness, then suicide. Macbeth kills Banquo to stop his sons from becoming King, which was part of the original prophecy by the three Witches, and eventually Macbeth is killed by Macduff, who becomes King of Scotland in Macbeths place. Shakespeares Macbeth Throughout the play, Shakespeare manages to create dramatic tension from the very beginning, right up to the murder of King Duncan, and thereafter to the downfall of Macbeth. Shakespeare gradually builds up the tension in each scene and releases it at different stages, until finally the act of the murder takes place. The four main themes which are outlined in the play become apparent from the beginning, things arent what they seem, ambition, power and superstition. His use of dramatic irony, the supernatural and indecision by the leading characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, all combine to keep the audience on the edge of their seats throughout. Shakespeares talent was the ability to present a story with creative dramatisation of imagery and imagination. He knew how to entertain the audience with fast-paced plots, creative imagery and dramatic characters. Shakespeare uses several instances of irony in Macbeth to give the play more depth, continuation of the dramatisation and to also allow the audience to foreshadow events to come, without the characters knowing the actions theyll take and the consequences. A good example of dramatic irony is when Macbeth plans Duncans murder, along with Lady Macbeth, while still remaining loyal to the King.   This is dramatic irony, while Duncan isnt aware of Macbeths plans, while the audience does. A further example of dramatic irony is posed in act one, scene five, Macbeth says My dearest love, Duncan comes here tonight, with Lady Macbeths reply And, when goes hence?, Macbeth says To-morrow, as he purposes, with Lady Macbeths final reply O, never shall the morrow see (1,5, 57-60). Implying in this scene, that Macbeth will soon undertake the task of committing the murder. Shakespeare uses a simile within the scene to portray Macbeth to act as an innocent flower when King Duncan arrives, but underneath act as a serpent to achieve your ambition to become King of Scotland look like an innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. (1,5, 64-65). We will proceed no further in this business. (1,7, 31) Showing doubts that Macbeth doesnt want to go through with the act and still Macbeth continues to question the consequences later in scene 7, If we should fail? Lady Macbeth responds, We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking place, and well not fail. (1,7, 58-59). The Witches Throughout the play, the theme of the supernatural plays a major role. Shakespeare opens the play with a short opening , long enough to awaken the audiences curiosity, with three supernatural beings on a dark mysterious heath (Act 1, scene 1). The mood of the play is set, although the action and the introduction of the leading characters dont start until the next scene. Introducing the supernatural power of witchcraft into the play associates the drama with the dark arts, treachery and unnatural disturbances. Shakespeare uses powerful imagery to portray the witches as grossly unnatural in appearance (Act 1, scene 3), inflicting unnatural storms and disruption onto the world. The opening scene is particularly important in establishing the mood and atmosphere of the play for the audience. The weather portrays darkness, using a Pathetic fallacy, the supernatural environment of the heath, with severe weather of thunder and lighting, proclaimed by Macbeth So foul a day I have not seen. (1,3,38), the prophecy is presented to Macbeth and Banquo. The Witches use a rhyming technique throughout their speeches, referring to incantations of magical charms, another trait of the supernatural. Every detail of the scene opens the audiences imagination and portrays from the outset the common themes of human values, a world of darkness, sinister behaviour and treachery by the leading characters. The Witches are introduced by Shakespeare as three women in evil apparel, using dramatic imagery, who told Macbeth and his companion Banquo, of the prophecies that would be acted out in the play. The Witches set the tone of the play and foreshadow the plot of the story at the very beginning (fair and foul) right and wrong. The opening scene foreshadows a tragedy, which the story is based upon. Within Act 1 scene 3, the witches are characterised as being unnatural and non-human looking and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so. (1,3,45) and Banquo questions the witches Are ye fantastical? (1,3,53) and being of devil What, can the devil speak true? (1,3,108). Referring once again back to the supernatural theme and beings of darkness. Ambition and the plays main characters As a character Macbeth is the tragic hero of the play. Portrayed as a hero at the beginning of the play, helping to defeat the Norwegians and given the title the Thane of Cawdor by King Duncan, the plot of the play starts to unfold and Macbeth believes in the prophecy the witches set out (Act 1, scene 2). Macbeth is only given a new title as previously the Thane of Cawdor was killed due to committing treason. We discover Macbeths character to be strong willed, ambitious and greedy. Throughout the play the character changes and develops. In the beginning he is portrayed as a loyal soldier, willing to fight for his King, and country and as the play progresses he grows to become more ambitious to fulfil his destiny. However, Macbeth later in the play the character develops guilt for his crimes. With King Duncan travelling to Macbeths castle, in a soliloquy Macbeth urges darkness to cover the deed that he plans to commit Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires (1,4,50). Here Shakespeare completes the scene uses a Rhyming Couplet to portray the importance at the end and signify how Macbeth will commit the murder of King Duncan. The witches prophecy (Act 1, scene 3,line 48) 1st Witch All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! 2nd Witch All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! 3rd Witch All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter The prophecy proclaims the theme of ambition for the rest of the play, which is outlined by a metaphor in Banquos speech If you can look into the seeds of time, and say which grain will grow and which will not. (1,3,58). Macbeth does try to question the Witches about their speech, however they fail to answer the questions and vanish from the scene, as Shakespeare uses dramatic imagery and conjures supernatural beings once more, Banquo says The earth hath bubbles, as the water has, and these are of them: whither they are vanished? (1,3,79). Both Macbeth and Banquo doubt the prophecy and feel following it will lead to the devil and dramatic consequences in the end, things arent always as they seem! Ambition to achieve kingship is through murder, which the play foreshadows as the destiny and Macbeth as the tragic hero. Lady Macbeth is first introduced in act 1 scene 5, first appearing as a ruthless, committed woman to strive for greater glory of her husband, Macbeth. The sudden arrival of the messenger after Lady Macbeth has read the letter from Macbeth in this scene, gives an excellent dramatic stroke for the play. This allows Lady Macbeth to think that the prophecy can be fulfilled this very night and satisfy her thirst for power. Upon the Kings arrival, Duncan is treated as an honorary guest of the house, whilst Macbeth and Lady Macbeth appear to be the perfect hosts, whilst all the while the audience know how the night will plan out for the characters and the foreshadow of King Duncans demise. Lady Macbeths passionate ambition and the drive of her husband, leads to the downfall of Macbeth. Lady Macbeth herself is characterised as very ambitious, but yet fears her husbands weaker nature Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promised: yet do I fear thy nature. (1,5,14). Lady Macbeth is the driving force throughout and controls all Macbeths fears, to eventually commit him to the deed of murder. Shakespeare cunningly uses the image of a Raven in this scene, which in ancient times was associated with the coming of death, and with this use of symbolism the audience continue to see what will happen in the play. In the play Lady Macbeth in her actions asks for the help of darkness and the supernatural for her and Macbeth to conduct the act of killing the King to fulfil the prophecy, she is determined throughout to push her husband to his greatest ambition and gain power for herself, Come, thick night. And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. (1,5,49) Lady Macbeth has a stronger personality than her husband, having to convince Macbeth to fulfil the deed, she is very faithful towards him and wants to achieve the great honour that could be bestowed upon them, if they commit treason and kill King Duncan. Within act 2 scene 2 Lady Macbeths character shows a cruel and disrespectful side towards the Kings servants and again her ambition comes to life, she says, Give me the daggers.   The sleeping and the dead are but pictures. (2,2,51)   The tension increases dramatically when we see Lady Macbeth pacing about in a nervous but excited state, awaiting Macbeths return increases the tension dramatically. We see a gentler side to Lady Macbeth. She says that she would have killed Duncan herself, but the old man looked too much like her father Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. (2,2,12). This statement relays the consequences of the actions that will take place later in the play. With Macbeth coming forward in the play with the Witches prophecy, Lady Macbeths character was the most ambitious to see it through to the end. Having to deal with her husbands weaknesses, not wanting to carry through the act of murder, the character concocting a plan in the end was successful. Although you can see how Shakespeare shows the characters in the lead up to the murder, with dramatic irony at a key point in the play when King Duncan arrives at Macbeths castle to visit his loyal soldier and celebrate victory on the battle field against the Norwegians. The irony here is pointed out that only the audience, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth know is the King will never leave and see another day of sun. After the deed of high treason is committed, Macbeths character is hysterical and extreme tension is obvious. Dramatic Imagery comes true from the characters soliloquy and we see the bloody daggers in Macbeths hands and both characters fear discovery. Macbeth was misled by the witches and by Lady Macbeths sway of passionate arguments drawn to the events in the play, without these elements his ambition to become King could have been suppressed and only imagined by the character. Macbeths Soliloquy (Act 1, scene 7 and Act 2 scene 1) Shakespeare uses two key soliloquys to portray the inner thoughts of the character Macbeth, writing in a poetic theme using rhyming language. Often the passage refers to strong use of imagery towards the themes of blood, the supernatural, darkness and death. Both passages shows how the character is feeling at this point, with doubts and guilt of the consequences prior to committing the murder of King Duncan. In Macbeths first soliloquy, the character questions what he is about to do and doubt is cast in his mind and questions the consequences, for Macbeth knows he will pay for the deed here on earth or in the afterlife. Macbeths speaks of Duncans kindness and generosity, but ambition is fraught within the soliloquy, realising that he will have to pay sooner or later but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself, and falls on th other. (1,7, 27), that high leaping ambition can often be ones downfall. In his second soliloquy (Act 2, scene 1) Macbeth allies himself with witchcraft, murder and secrecy, left on his own, the characters imagination runs wild. Macbeth is torn, but the soliloquy in the play is the characters final preparation for the act of murder Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, and such an instrument I was to use! (2,1, 42). The main source of tension is of course Macbeths vision of the dagger, one sense is registering a dagger and the others arent Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come let me clutch thee. (2,1, 33-34). This is not made real to the audience and we are as bewildered by this dagger of the mind as Macbeth is. Using dramatic imagery, the dagger begins to bleed and the audience shares Macbeths fear and trepidation of what is to come, referring to witchcraft once more as it celebrates. Then we are disturbed by his final rhyming couplet which highlights Macbeths fatal decision, as he heads for Duncans bedroom stealthily. Conclusion Macbeth is a masterpiece by Shakespeare, showing how power, greed and ambition can change a character at a given point of opportunity, but questions what are the consequences of these actions that is analysed in the play, given that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both succumb to the guilt of the deeds committed. The play from the outset was controlled by the power of fate and the supernatural. However, we have to question what would have happened if Macbeth had followed a different path, after all he was related to the King and in line to royal succession? The main question to answer is, would Macbeth have actually committed the Murder if the prophecy was never told or if Lady Macbeth was not so hungry for power?

Essay --

Eric Lopez Professor Katie Albany English 1101 18 December 2013 The Ins and Outs of an Computer Hardware Engineer Introduction Computer hardware engineering is a major where people deal with various parts of computer hardware like motherboards and microchips in multiple ways and want to see beyond the computer parts to look at the ins and outs of it. They are the ones that produces the technology that remains a big phenomenon all over the world from personal computers to cell phones, and continues to improve on it for generations to come. They use this knowledge to do multiple things including helping consumers with their computer problems, analyzing public data to determine what the public needs and how to make it happen, and produce their own computer hardware by planning their own designs to produce new hardware for commercial, consumer, and military use, test it out, and then distribute it out for use. Paragraph #1 But what would a computer hardware engineer be without the important knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) you’ll need to succeed in this field? In terms of knowledge, you are pretty much required to know a bit about math, science and even some ELA, as the principles of these subjects allow computer hardware engineers to read special technical symbols, calculate computer data and come up with the best solution to a technical problem properly and economically. You also need to have some understanding of the ins and outs of computer technology. You can get a fresh start in high school by taking advanced courses of math and science, while also taking classes relating to computer software, hardware, programming, and networking to know about stuff you never knew about and even if you are aware of these topics, it is ... ...† according to WiseGeek. They will repeat the whole procedure again and again, constructing new gadgets to comply with the new advancements in technology while at the same time, bettering existing computers to allow it to work with the new computer technology. Conclusion creation of their own original products, as they go and produce their own things, they have to go through a process to make sure that the final product is fully tested and top quality; they think about various things about it like the parts required to They also help maintain other people’s computers by troubleshooting the device in many ways like using their mind, research, and proper testing of various computer parts to determine the reason for the problem whether it’s their own creations or producing computer peripherals. through the they create their own computer products engineers

Essay --

Anti-Terrorism in the UK The United Kingdom stands out from the world with its distinctive anti-terrorism policy, which gives the government extended powers to arrest, detain, and supervise those believed to be potential terrorists beyond what many other countries find suitable (Feikert & Doyle 2). The UK’s legislation surrounding terrorism is the product of policy that has evolved over time as the result of attacks taken out on the UK itself as well as global events that highlight the need for protection. The government has put together a thorough policy in response to terrorism, as well as preventative measures in an attempt to prevent such events from happening in the future. However, some measures taken by the government are seen by citizens and global critics to violate individual liberties and infringe on privacy. While the safety of its citizens is the prime motive of such policy, some people have been left to feel discriminated against in their own country. While the UK’s anti-terroris m policy is no doubt comprehensive, including measures to pursue, prevent, prepare, and protect the people from the threat of terrorism, the government is going to have to deal with the controversy regarding discrimination in order to satisfy its citizens and prevent future homegrown terrorist attacks. Terrorism is a difficult subject to tackle as it is hard to define. There is no collectively accepted definition in either the legal, civil, or academic sense of the word (Panter 579). The government of the UK defines terrorism as â€Å"the use or threat of action designed to influence the government or an international governmental organisation or to intimidate the public, or a section of the public; made for the purposes of advancing a political... ...ent needs to take this situation into consideration when creating laws, especially those that restrict the liberties of individuals. The UK’s unique style of government and policy history places it in a distinctive position compared to the rest of the world when it comes to counter terrorism measures. The government has created new policies over decades, which have been notable in their restriction of liberties and privacies of its citizens. It has become a controversy as to whether this should be allowed in order to protect the population as a whole or if these measures are a violation of human rights. Such policy is risky in that it might make some who feel discriminated against or disconnected turn to terrorism. While the UK’s anti-terrorism policy is detailed and comprehensive, it must take this into account and deal with the controversy in future legislation. Essay -- Anti-Terrorism in the UK The United Kingdom stands out from the world with its distinctive anti-terrorism policy, which gives the government extended powers to arrest, detain, and supervise those believed to be potential terrorists beyond what many other countries find suitable (Feikert & Doyle 2). The UK’s legislation surrounding terrorism is the product of policy that has evolved over time as the result of attacks taken out on the UK itself as well as global events that highlight the need for protection. The government has put together a thorough policy in response to terrorism, as well as preventative measures in an attempt to prevent such events from happening in the future. However, some measures taken by the government are seen by citizens and global critics to violate individual liberties and infringe on privacy. While the safety of its citizens is the prime motive of such policy, some people have been left to feel discriminated against in their own country. While the UK’s anti-terroris m policy is no doubt comprehensive, including measures to pursue, prevent, prepare, and protect the people from the threat of terrorism, the government is going to have to deal with the controversy regarding discrimination in order to satisfy its citizens and prevent future homegrown terrorist attacks. Terrorism is a difficult subject to tackle as it is hard to define. There is no collectively accepted definition in either the legal, civil, or academic sense of the word (Panter 579). The government of the UK defines terrorism as â€Å"the use or threat of action designed to influence the government or an international governmental organisation or to intimidate the public, or a section of the public; made for the purposes of advancing a political... ...ent needs to take this situation into consideration when creating laws, especially those that restrict the liberties of individuals. The UK’s unique style of government and policy history places it in a distinctive position compared to the rest of the world when it comes to counter terrorism measures. The government has created new policies over decades, which have been notable in their restriction of liberties and privacies of its citizens. It has become a controversy as to whether this should be allowed in order to protect the population as a whole or if these measures are a violation of human rights. Such policy is risky in that it might make some who feel discriminated against or disconnected turn to terrorism. While the UK’s anti-terrorism policy is detailed and comprehensive, it must take this into account and deal with the controversy in future legislation.